Evaluation of haematological and biochemical changes after short term tramadol usage in healthy dogs

Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting opioid analgesic that has the best analgesic efficacy without excessive sedation and significant side effects in the postoperative pain relief in dogs. In this study, hematological and biochemical changes due to short usage of tramadol were assessed in clinically healthy dogs. For this purpose, eighteen male mongrel dogs aged 14 to 22 months were used in three equal groups. In the first and second groups respectively [2 and 5 mg/kg] intramuscular tramadol and in control group distillate water was given once a day for five consecutive days. Complete cell blood count [CBC] and biochemical evaluation were done to measure aspartate amino-transferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatinin [Cr], and blood urea nitrogen [BUN] levels, before the intervention [day 0] and on days 6 and 13, post-treatment. Thirteen days post treatment, Red blood cell [RBC] and white blood cell [WBC] count and ALT, AST, ALP, Cr, BUN and packed cell volume [PCV] level was measured as 6.75 +/- 0.03, 3.86 +/- 0.13, 40.00 +/- 7.98, 43.67 +/- 8.62, 57.00 +/- 17.03, 0.90 +/- 0.27, 25.00 +/- 5.48 and 40.13 +/- 2.88 respectively which showed that short-term injection of even high doses of tramadol creates no significant change on hematological, liver, and kidney parameters in dogs. The present study suggests that tramadol could be a safe postoperative analgesic for control of acute pain in dogs referred for routine surgical procedures

[ radiographic study on closure time of the fore and hind limbs growth plates in Rayeni goat]

Raeini goat is one of the goat races which is found in Kerman province and many neighboring provinces. This goat produces soft wool with good quality and holds and even higher ranking than other goat breeds based on production of milk and meat, whereas there is no basic radiologic information about this race. Determination of basic information about the radiographic of anterior and posterior limbs in Raeini goat. To study close time of growth plate in anterior limbs, 12 head of raeini soft wool goats [6 male, 6 female] and the same number for posterior limbs were selected from the goats that were present in the animal husbandries college in Kerman University and had grown under equal nourishment. They were selected from 10 days after their birth until the growth plates of anterior, posterior and back bones were closed. Most of the growth plates in the forelimbs [anterior] in females in the 13th month and in males in the 16th month were closed; closure time of growth plates for hind limbs [posterior] in females was in the 16th month and 14th month respectively. It is possible that early closure of the growth plates in the race of short stature in this breed is justified